Data Center Design by PTS Data Center Solutions, Inc.

• Overview
• What You'll Learn
• Cost
• Course Outline
• Labs
• Classroom Dates and Locations

Overview

Discover how and why Voice over IP works and gain hands-on experience with the latest VoIP software.

Gain essential data networking and Voice over IP (VoIP) knowledge in a single, week-long class. In this course, you will learn how VoIP works, why VoIP works, and how to use VoIP. On the first day, you will configure an IP network using Cisco routers and switches, learning IP fundamentals in order to make VoIP easier to understand. The remaining four days will focus on VoIP and IP telephony.

The course is 60% hands-on labs and 40% lecture. The lecture portion of the class uses technically detailed slides that illustrate the subject matter - text-only slides are kept to a minimum. In the skills-building labs, you will gain proficiency with some of the most popular VoIP software and hardware, such as Wireshark, trixbox (formerly Asterisk@Home), Linksys Ethernet phone, SIP-based ATA, and SIP-based Server and PBX products from Brekeke Software, Inc.

TCP/IP Networking or equivalent knowledge is recommended before taking this course.

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What You'll Learn

• Core concepts of how Internet Protocol (IP) carries a VoIP packet
• Advantages and disadvantages of SIP Trunking
• Configure DHCP and DNS to support IP telephony
• Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)
• Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) - Call set up, Instant Messaging, Presence
• Session Description Protocol (SDP)
• The H.323 protocol suite, including H.225, RAS, and H.245
• The role of endpoints, gatekeepers, gateways, and MCU in an H.323 network
• SIP proxy, Session Border Controller (SBC), and SIP softswitch
• Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) analysis
• MGCP architecture
• A technical comparison of H.323, SIP, and MGCP
• How to implement QoS to ensure the highest voice quality over your IP networks
• The impact of jitter, latency, and packet loss on VoIP networks
• How to use Wireshark to decode and troubleshoot RTP, SIP, MGCP, and H.323 call flows
• Configure the trixbox Softswitch and SIP proxy
• Configure SIP gateways and softphones

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Cost

$2,995 - 5 day course

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Course Outline

1. Packetizing Voice

• Telephony Architecture
  • Introduction to the VoIP Standards
• Connecting VoIP to PSTN
  • Traffic Engineering
  • PSTN to VoIP Using Magic
• Voice Digitization
  • Companding Mu-Law vs. A-Law
• Time Division Circuit Switching
• Voice Packet
  • The 20-Millisecond Voice Packet
  • The 60-Millisecond Voice Packet
  • The Voice Packet Header
  • Other Voice Packet Sample Sizes
  • Voice Packet Analysis
  • Voice Packet Analysis: Other Voice Packet Sample Sizes
• QoS Overview
  • Latency
  • Packet Loss
  • Jitter
• Controlling Delay
  • Sources of Delay
  • The First Voice Packet
  • The Second Voice Packet
  • The Third Voice Packet
  • Jitter Buffer Under Perfect Conditions
  • An Adaptive Jitter Buffer

2. SIP Trunking

• The Legacy Circuit Switch
• VoIP Phases
  • VoIP Phase 1: LAN Connect the Line Side
  • VoIP Phase 2: Decompose the Switch Cabinet
  • VoIP Phase 3: Shrink the MGs and Add Survivability
  • VoIP Phase 4: Add SIP Trunking
  • VoIP Phase 5: Eliminate the Old MGs
  • VoIP Phase 6: Add EMUN
  • VoIP Phase 7: Mass Acceptance of SIP Trunking with ENUM?
• SIP Trunking Costs
• Other Means of Connection
• The "Old PBX can do SIP Trunking if the Vendor Offers the Software
• SIP Trunking Protocols
  • Peer-to-Peer RTP
  • Hairpin RTP
• Disadvantages and Advantages of SIP Trunking
  • Disadvantages
  • Advantages
• ITSPs
• SIP Trunking Examples
  • SIP Trunk Outbound Call
  • Public VoIP

3. VoIP in the LAN

• IP and Ethernet
  • A Sample Ethernet Switched Network
• MAC Addresses
• IP MAC Address Learning
  • Unknown Destination MAC Addresses
  • Flood the Broadcast
  • Response to Flooded Packet
  • Learning Port Information
  • Switching
• MAC Table Aging
• Ethernet Communications Limits
• Virtual LANs
  • VLAN Trunk
  • VLAN Tags
  • Untagged Frames
• Port-Based VLANs
  • Broadcast Frame in VLAN 10
• VLAN Trunking for VoIP Phones
• IEEE 802.3af Device Detection
  • IEEE 802.3af Power Classifications
  • QoS at Layer 2
  • VLAN Tagging Process
  • IEEE 802.1q Frame Tagging

4. IP Networking

• One-Way vs. Both-Way Routing
• Static Routing
  • Subnet Masks and Routing
  • Routing and Switching
• Routing Protocols
  • Distance Vector Routing
  • Link-State Routing

5. TCP/IP Review

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) vs. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
  • Connection-Oriented Protocol (TCP)
  • TCP/IP Packet Format and Operation
  • Connectionless Protocols (UDP)
  • UDP Packet
• DNS
  • Basic Method of DNS

6. Dial Plan Essentials

• Dial Plan Example
• Digit Map
• Enbloc vs. Overlap
• Common Modifications to REGEX
• Symbols
  • Regular Expressions
  • Metacharacters
• Matching
• Normalization Examples

7. SIP-Related IP Services

• DHCP Option for SIP
  • DHCP Discover
  • DHCP Offer
• Root-Level Domain Registration
• Basic Method of DNS
  • Why Start with ENUM?
• ENUM: NAPTR Query
  • ENUM: NAPTR Response
• Locating SIP Servers: An Example
  • NAPTR Response
  • SRV Query
  • SRV Response
  • A Record Query
• Regular Expressions
  • The Metacharacters

8. Voice Compression

• Voice Compression Hardware
  • ASICs
  • DSPs
• Mean Opinion Scores
• Codecs
  • G.711, G.723.1, G.726
  • G.728 and G.729
• Voice Compression
  • Formants
  • The Predictor
  • PCM Sampling
• Voice Compression Algorithms
  • ADPCM Compression
  • Vocoder
  • G.729 Example
• Codec Comparison Exercise
  • Zero Packet Loss
  • Ten Percent Packet Loss
  • Twenty Percent Packet Loss
• T.38 Fax Spoofing
  • Call Setup
  • Discovering the Fax Tone
  • T.30 Negotiation
  • Shifting to 9.6 Kbps
  • T.38 Phase

9. Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)

• RTP Architecture
  • RTP and RTP Control Protocol
  • Encapsulating the Voice Packet
  • RTP Ports
• RTP Profile
  • Payload Types
  • Mapping Payload Type to Codec Type
  • How H.323 Identifies the Payload Type
  • NTP vs. RTP Timestamp
  • RTP Timestamps
  • RTP Timestamps and Silence Suppression
  • RTP Timestamps and Jitter Calculation
• Controlling Jitter
  • Jitter Buffer Delay
• Mixers
  • Synchronization Source
  • Conference Bridge Adds CSRC
• RTP Header
  • UDP Packet with RTP Header and Voice
  • Required Fields
  • Version
  • Padding Bit
  • Extension Bit
  • CSRC
  • Market Bit
  • Payload Type
  • Sequence Number
  • Timestamp
  • SSRC
  • The Format-Specific Parameter (fmtp) Attribute
  • RFC 2833 Example: A Dialing Event
    • Transmitter Processing
    • Receiver Processing
• Controlling Serialization Delay
  • Perfect Candidate for LFI and RTP Header Compression
• RTP Header Compression Process (RFC 2508)
  • RTP Header Compression Format
• RTCP
  • RTCP QoS: Round-Trip Delay Calculation
  • Sender Reports
  • Receiver Reports
  • Source Descriptions
  • Source Description Items
  • Other RTCP Packets

10. SIP Architecture

• SIP User Agents
  • SIP Requests (Methods)
  • SIP Response Codes
• SIP Proxy
  • SIP Back-to-Back UA
  • Session Border Controller
  • Forking Proxy
  • SIP Redirect Proxy
• Global SIP Architecture
  • Overview of Operation
  • Classic SIP Trapezoid
  • INVITE Request
  • Session Description Protocol
  • Proxy Function
  • 180 Response
  • 200 Final Response
  • BYE
  • INVITE and ACK
• SIP Functional Stack
• SIP Core Documents and Extensions

11. SIP Call Flow Examples

• SIP Call Analysis
  • SIP Registration with Authentication
  • SIP Call without INVITE Authentication
  • The 100rel Process
  • Busy Number
  • Abandoned Call (Cancel)
  • SIP Redirect (Call Forward)
  • Call Transfer
• E&M Tie Trunk
  • See a Problem?
  • Solution: SIP 183 Response

12. Session Description Protocol

• Session Description Protocol
  • v= Header
  • o= Header
  • s= Header
  • c= Header
  • t= Header
  • m= Header
  • a= Header
• Offer/Answer Model
  • Offer/Answer: Example 1
  • Offer/Answer: Example 2
  • SDP Offer/Answer Rules
  • UPDATE Method
  • RTP SEND and RECV Defined
  • Media Direction and RTCP
  • How RTCP Works
  • Placing a Call on HOLD

13. SIP NAT Traversal

• SIP NAT Traversal
  • One-Way Voice Results
  • Full Cone NAT
  • IP Address Restricted NAT
  • Port Restricted NAT
  • Symmetric NAT
  • Simple Traversal of UDP through NATs
  • Traversal Using Relay NAT
  • NAT with Embedded SIP Proxy
  • Public VoIP Example

14. Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)

• Protocol Comparison
• MGCP Call Model
  • Hairpin Call Example
  • Defined Endpoints
• MGCP Commands
  • MGCP Syntax Example
  • Return Codes
  • Return Code Table
  • Parameter Lines
  • DTMF Package
  • Line Package
• Digit Maps
• MGCP Trace Procedure
  • MGCP Trace (Steps 1-8)
  • MGCP Trace (Steps 9-14)
  • MGCP Trace (Steps 15-22)
  • MGCP Trace (Steps 23-28)
• MGCP Established Call
  • MGCP Trace (Steps 29-36)
  • MGCP Trace (Steps 37-40)

15. Queuing

• CoS vs. QoS
  • Leaky Bucket
  • First In, First Out
  • Type Classification
  • Session ID Classification (Fair Queuing)
  • Dequeuing

16. QoS-Related Protocol

• Sources of Delay
  • Packetization Delay
  • Algorithmic Delay (Look Ahead)
  • Coder Processing Delay (Think Time)
  • Queuing Delay
  • Serialization Delay
• Low-Speed Link
  • How 56-Kbps Links Cause Jitter
  • Upgrade to T1/E1 and Prioritize Voice
• QoS Technology Solutions: Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
  • Supporting a VoIP Call with DiffServ
  • ToS Field
  • DiffServ Process at the Edge Router
  • DiffServ Process in the Core
  • DiffServ Highlights
• Traffic Engineering: An Art Form
  • Measuring Engineering
  • Grade of Service

Appendix A: Glossary

Appendix B: H.323

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Labs

Lab 1: Install the Network Hardware

Lab 2: Configure PC, Router, and Switch

Lab 3: Calling without a SIP Proxy

Lab 4: Registering with a CORE Proxy

Lab 5: VoIP Islands: Part 1

• Set Up Your Own Proxy
• Add the Linksys Phone

Lab 6: VoIP Islands: Part 2

• Add the ATA Phone

Lab 7: Create a Line-Side Dial Plan

Lab 8: Create a Trunk-Side Dial Plan

Lab 9: Configure a SIP Softphone

Lab 10: How to use Wireshark

Lab 11: Codec MOS Testing

• Configure Various Codecs
• Complete Test Calls to Compare Voice Quality (G.711, G.729, and G.723.1)

Lab 12: Packet Interval

• Reduce Bandwidth Consumption by 50% or More
• Modify Packet Intervals and Witness the QoS Tradeoff

Lab 13: Codec Bandwidth Testing

Lab 14: Silence Suppression

Lab 15: Codec Negotiation (OFFER/ANSWER)

Lab 16: DTMF RFC 2833 and SIP INFO

Lab 17: SIP Call Flow Analysis

• Normal Call with Authentication
• Busy Call
• Vacant Call
• Abandoned Call
• Call Forward Immediate

Lab 18: Configure Diff-Serv on a Gateway

Lab 19: Queuing

Lab 20: Final Exam: Configure a Complete VoIP System

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Classroom Dates and Locations

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